Expert Insight from Michael D’Netto, M.D.
Many people experience unpleasant reactions to certain foods—but not all of them are true allergies. Understanding the difference between a food allergy and a food intolerance is essential for proper diagnosis, treatment, and safety.
What Is a Food Allergy?
A food allergy is an immune system response. When someone with a food allergy eats even a small amount of the offending food, their immune system mistakenly identifies it as harmful and releases chemicals like histamine. This can cause symptoms such as:
Common food allergens include peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, shellfish, soy, wheat, and sesame.
“Food allergies can be life-threatening and require strict avoidance and emergency preparedness,” says Michael D’Netto, M.D., a Mayo Clinic Health System board-certified allergist and immunologist at WinnMed in Decorah. “Patients with a history of food allergies should carry an epinephrine auto-injector (e.g. Epi Pen) at all times.”
What Is a Food Intolerance?
A food intolerance, on the other hand, does not involve the immune system. It typically affects the digestive system and occurs when the body has difficulty processing certain foods. Symptoms may include:
Lactose intolerance is a common example, caused by a deficiency in the enzyme lactase.
“Food intolerances are uncomfortable but not dangerous,” Dr. D’Netto explains. “They can often be managed by adjusting the diet or in the cast of lactose intolerance, by using enzyme supplements.”
Diagnosis and Treatment
If you suspect a reaction to food, consult an allergist. Skin testing, blood tests, and elimination diets can help determine whether it’s an allergy or intolerance. Dr. D’Netto emphasizes that accurate diagnosis is key to avoiding unnecessary dietary restrictions and ensuring safety.
Make an appointment
Dr. D’Netto is accepting new patients at WinnMed in Decorah. Call WinnMed at 563-382-2911 or request an appointment online through WinnMed’s online portal, MyChart.
